Vacancy Migration in NiO Grain Boundary

(a) What is the configuration of a 109.5 degree tilt grain boundary in NiO?
(b) Calculate the migration energy of vacancy in the grain boudnary plane.

adesh.zip :Click HERE to Download a DEMO version of ADESH
(ADESH works on PC-DOS. You will need the pkunzip.exe utility for this zipped file.)

Answer

ADESH produced following results in a few hours, on a PC with a Pentium (P5-133) micro-processor.

Figure 1

(a) Figure 1 shows the atomistic configuration of a 109.5 degree tilt grain boundary. Blue circles represent oxygen atoms and green circles show positions of Nickel atoms. Across the grain boundary plane, atoms of opposite type (Ni and O) were energetically comfortable when they were next to each other. Energy of the system increased when atoms of same type were closer together across the grain boundary.
The numbers on sites indicate the oxygen atoms that migrated to the vacant oxygen site marked 'V'. Figure 2 shows the respective migration energies.









Figure 2

One oxygen atom in the grain boundary was replaced with a vacancy. It is the site that is marked as 'V' in Figure 1. Nearby oxygen atoms were then moved into this vacant site one at a time. Ten intermediate positions of this moving atom were investigated by holding the atom fixed and relaxing all other atoms around it (NIX principle). The energy of of the whole system at every step for this moving atom was stored and plotted. Figure 2 shows the energy chnages of the system when each of the atoms was moved using NIX principle. The numbers indicate the position of the oxygen atoms moved. The energy plot for each corresponding atom is shown in Figure 2. Minimum energy barrier was observed for atom number 6. The migration energy barrier was about 0.5 eV.

ADESH calculated energy of this NiO grain boundary with a potential function programmed at CASA Engineering.

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Anjali Nandedkar, Ph. D.
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